These gauges are intended for measuring the bending and tensile strains separately by simply bonding the gauges on one side of a plate or beam. It works on the assumption that the strain distribution in the section of the specimen is linear along the height of the section when the section is subjected to both tensile and bending stress.  The gauges are effectively used for the measurement of a box　construction in structures such as bridges or pressure vessels, where the reverse side of the measurement object is not accessible for strain gauge installation. Optional (-F) lead-free solder specifications are also available.